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Myrsine knudsenii

(Rock) Hosaka (1940)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Primulaceae Genus: Myrsine

kōlea [kolea]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small branched trees or shrubs 1.5–4.5 m tall.

Stems: Branches pale to dark brown, tortuous, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–elliptic, elliptic, or elliptic–obovate, 4.5–8.5 cm long, 3–4.7 cm wide. Apex obtuse to rounded, usually shallowly emarginate. Base broadly cuneate to subtruncate. Surfaces glabrous, leaves dark green, dull when dry, young ones dark purplish red, somewhat clustered toward the tips of the branches, coriaceous. Margins entire and revolute. Midrib prominent, lateral veins ca.7–10 pairs, moderately prominent, especially in dried specimens, ca. 4–7 mm apart, submarginal vein absent. Petioles 3–7 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 2–5 (up to 12 according to hosaka) in bracteolate fascicles below and occasionally among the leaves, pedicels 4–7.5 mm long, glabrous. Flowers apparently bisexual (perfect). Calyx 4–5(6)-lobed, usually deeply so, the lobes imbricate or valvate in bud, punctate or with secretory lines, lobes ca. 0.5–1 mm long, margins sparsely ciliate. Petals cream–colored(?), 4–5(6)-lobed, the lobes nearly distinct or connate up to ½ their length, imbricate in bud, narrowly oblanceolate, 3.5–4.2 mm long, with conspicuous secretory lines, margins sparsely ciliate. Anthers ca. 1.8–2 mm long, apex with a small tuft of hairs. Ovary superior, 3–5(6)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules few in a single row, ovary reduced and sterile or absent in staminate flowers; style very short or absent, terminal; stigma sessile, capitate-angled.

Fruit: Drupes dark purple; broadly ellipsoid to subglobose; ca. 5–8 mm in diameter. Seeds 1 per fruit; small; dark colored; subglobose; excavated at base.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 1,060–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 16: 66 (1940)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:941 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Closed to open Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicranopteris montane mesic forest, brown soil & leaf litter w/ Psychotria mariniana, P. greenwelliae, P. hexandra, Pouteria, Melicope anisata, M. clusiifolia, M. ovata, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Dianella sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen 5 m tall, diffuse branches ascending; trunk grey-brown w/faint pink tinge; leaves dark-green on surface w/ yellow nerve, paler below, revolute; young stems green, older stems grey; petals cream. Wood, K.R. 4012 Kauai BISH 1995-02-07
2 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist woods Preserved_Specimen Bushy tree, 15 ft. high; buds cream colored, berries purplish black. St.John, H. 13805 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
3 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris montane mesic forest with Pleomele aurea, Bobea brevipes, Hedyotis terminalis, Coprosma waimeae, Myrsine alyxifolia, Dodonaea. Threats: Deer, pigs, Rubus argutus, Erigeron, Rubus rosifolius. Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m. tall, multi-stemmed, 2.5 cm. wide, grey or light brown bark; one of six trees in area. Wood, K.R. 4988 Kauai BISH 1996-02-25
4 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details NW side of peak; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Psychotria greenwelliae, Psychotria mariniana, Pouteria, Pittosporum, Nestegis, Cheirodendron, Scaevola procera, Bobea brevipes, Pleomele aurea, Dicranopteris linearis, Melicope anisata, Ilex, Xylosma hawaiiense, Elaeocarpus, Perrottetia, Passiflora mollissima, Myrica faya, Rubus argutus, Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen 3 m; fruit Perlman, S. 18699 Kauai BISH 2003-12-19
5 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest; on uluhe covered bank Preserved_Specimen Small s;pindly tree of eight ft. Flynn, T.W. 1591 Kauai BISH 1986-03-01
6 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-with matting ferns of dicranopteris linearis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Sticherus owhyhensis, mesic to anomala, Wikstroemia furcata, claoxylon sandwicensis, polyscias waimeae, Melicope anisata, M. barbigera, kadua affinis, Psychostria greenwelliae, P. hexandra, Planchonella san. Preserved_Specimen tree, reclined 3.5 m tall, abundant flower, north side of stream Wood, K.R. 15791 Kauai BISH 2014-01-17
7 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wET FOREST Preserved_Specimen Slender shrub 2 m. tall Fosberg, F.R. 12642 Kauai BISH 1935-12-28
8 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist woods Preserved_Specimen Bushy tree, 15 ft. high; buds cream colored, berries purplish black. St.John, H. 13805 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
9 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicranopteris montane mesic forest. 50 ft. above gulch bottom. Threats: Rubus rosifolius, Lonicera, Passiflora mollissima. Preserved_Specimen Diffuse 3 m. long tree; moderately branched with grey bark; leaves dark-green above, young flush red-purple; early flower salmon; single tree. Wood, K.R. 4970 Kauai BISH 1996-02-21
10 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis mesic forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, Urera glabra, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 meter ht with flower buds, few fruit. Perlman, S. 24877 Kauai BISH 2016-03-04
11 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros dominated mesic forest. With Dodonaea, Psychotria, Nestegis, Planchonella, Psidium. Preserved_Specimen Spindly tree of about 17 feet; leaves dark matte green above, faintly paler below; flower buds peach. Single plant seen Flynn, T.W. 8028 Kauai BISH 2015-01-22
12 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details N facing slope; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Myrsine alyxifolia, Bobea brevipes, Pouteria sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Dodonaea viscosa, Psychotria greenwelliae, Xylosma hawaiiense, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Hedyotis terminalis, Tetraplasandra, Alphitonia ponderosa, Rubus angutus, Diplazium sandwichianum, Passiflora mollissima; mesic forest Preserved_Specimen 4-5 m tree; fruit Perlman, S. 18652 Kauai BISH 2003-10-22
13 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3389 Kauai BISH 1926-07-05
14 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest with Psychotria mariniana, P. greenwelliae, P. hexandra, P. grandiflora, Pleomele aurea, Bobea brevipes, Dicranopteris linearis. Ca. 5 trees above gulch 4050 ft. elev. Threats: Deer, pigs, Hedychium gardnerianum, Erigeron, Rubus argutus. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 4907 Kauai BISH 1996-01-07
15 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros Montane Mixed Mesic Forest with ...Bobea, Claoxylon, Alphitonia, Melicope, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Zanthoxylum, Cyrtandra, Dodonaea, Styphelia, Ilex, Myrsine, Lysimachia.. North aspect growing mid-slope. Preserved_Specimen 3 m tall tree; in flower and fruit; mature fruit purple; Wood, K.R. 1656 Kauai BISH 1992-02-25
16 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa- Metrosideros mesic forest. W/ Planchonella sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Cyanea leptostegia, Melicope anisata, Diplazium sandwichianum, Cheirodendron, Psychotria greenwelliae, Duba Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 meter ht with fruit Perlman, S. 22911 Kauai BISH 2012-06-12
17 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest transitioning into Metrosideros-Dicranopteris wet forest with Alphitonia, Pouteria, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Claoxylon, Myrsine lanaiensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Dodonaea, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. anisata, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Psychotri Preserved_Specimen tree, 4.5 m tall, 7 cm diameter near base, trunk mottled gray-brown Wood, K.R. 15686 Kauai BISH 2013-10-06
18 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros transitional mesic to wet forest w/ Dodonaea viscosa, Acacia koa, Planchonella sandwicensis, Melicope anisate, M. barbigera, Myrsine lanaiensis, Bobea brevipes, Coprosma waimeae, Psychotria mariniana, Chrysodracon aurea, Carex meyeni Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3.75 m tall, vigorous, leaves dark green, rebolute, w/ immature fruit. Wood, K.R. 17888 Kauai BISH 2018-07-13
19 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris linearis, Claoxylon sandwicense, Psychotria marinana, Coprosma kauaiensis, Hillebrandia sandwicensis, Ranunculus mauiensis, Passiflora mollissima, Rubus argutus, Pouteria, Platydesma spathulata, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Perrottetia, Labordia degeneri, Erigeron karvinskianus Preserved_Specimen 6 m; few branched; young leaves purple; trunk gray brown Wood, K.R. 8828 Kauai BISH 2001-01-05
20 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1661 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
21 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1661 Kauai BISH 1909-02-26
22 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2530 Kauai BISH 1895-07-09
23 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 793 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
24 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1661 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
25 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2337 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
26 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2337 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
27 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Baxter, R.W. 52 Kauai BISH 1939-01-01
28 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2337 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
29 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10706 Kauai BISH 1930-12-26
30 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2337 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
31 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5022 Kauai BISH 1983-08-28
32 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha var glaberima, Acacia koa, Claoxylon sandwicense, Myrsine alyxifolia, M. Wawraea, M. Linearifolia, Hydrangea arguta, Dicranopteris linearis, Kadua affinis, Diplazium sandwici... Preserved_Specimen 2 m tree in midstory. KPEPP 11302101 kauai BISH 2021-11-30
33 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha - with matting ferns of Dicranopteris linearis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Sticherus owhyensis, mesic to transitional wet forest drainages with Bobea brevipes, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia furcata, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Polyscias waimeae, Melicope anisata, M. barbigera, Kadua affinis, Psychotria greenwelliae, P. hexandra, Planchonella sandw Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2 meters long, on stem reclined, with additional trunk 4 meters tall, north aspect in Diplopterygium pinnatum, vegetative, Wood, K.R. 18395 Kauai BISH 2020-04-30
34 Myrsine knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 m. tall Fosberg, F.R. 12730 Kauai BISH 1935-12-30
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